Mallyuddha: The Ancient Martial Art of India

What is Mallyuddha?

Mallyuddha (Devanagari: मल्लयुद्ध) is one of the oldest known forms of combat-wrestling, originating from the Indian subcontinent. Practiced for over 5000 years, it has deeply influenced various martial traditions across South Asia. It incorporates a blend of grappling, joint locks, punches, pressure point strikes, and even biting and choking techniques.

Mallyuddha is considered the ancestor of modern kusti and has connections to Southeast Asian wrestling styles like naban. Historically, it was practiced in what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

Types of Mallyuddha

Traditionally, Mallyuddha was divided into four major types, progressing from competitive sport to full-contact combat:

  • Hanumanti – Focuses on technical superiority.
  • Jambuvanti – Uses locks and holds to force submission.
  • Jarasandhi – Emphasizes breaking joints and limbs.
  • Bhimaseni – Relies on sheer strength and brute force.

Due to its extreme nature, the full-contact version (yuddha) is rarely practiced today, but other forms still exist, particularly in South India.

History of Mallyuddha

With a history spanning thousands of years, Mallyuddha has played a significant role in the cultural and martial traditions of India. Ancient texts, including the Ramayana and Mahabharata, reference wrestling matches between legendary figures such as Hanuman, Bhima, and Krishna.

Royal Patronage and Influence

Throughout history, wrestling was not just a sport but also a means of settling disputes between kingdoms. Kings often trained in Mallyuddha, and professional wrestlers represented their rulers in combat. During medieval times, wrestling competitions were grand events, announced in advance and held during public festivals. Victorious wrestlers received royal patronage and were awarded prestigious titles and prizes.

The Manasollasa (1124–1138), a royal treatise by King Someswara III, categorizes wrestlers and details their diet, exercise routines, and combat techniques. Similarly, the Malla Purana of Gujarat (13th century) describes different wrestling styles, pit preparation, and seasonal diet recommendations for wrestlers.

As Indian culture spread to Southeast Asia, Mallyuddha influenced combat traditions in Thailand, Malaysia, and Java. The legendary Singaporean hero Badang is said to have engaged in a wrestling match based on Mallyuddha techniques.

Mallyuddha in the Modern Era

Mallyuddha saw a decline in Northern India due to the influence of Persian wrestling (pehlwani) during the Mughal era. However, it remained popular in Southern India, particularly in the Vijayanagara Empire, where even women participated in wrestling matches.

Today, Mallyuddha is rare but still practiced in pockets of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Its legacy continues in the modern form of kusti, keeping alive the traditions of one of the world’s oldest martial arts.

Preserving an Ancient Legacy

Mallyuddha is more than just a sport; it is a living tradition that embodies strength, discipline, and heritage. We are dedicated to reviving and promoting this ancient martial art, ensuring that its legacy continues to inspire future generations.

Join us in celebrating the rich history of Mallyuddha and keeping this incredible tradition alive!